Reflexão sobre a organização do trabalho de Enfermagem no banco de leite: cuidado compartilhado e multiprofissional / Reflexión sobre la organización del trabajo de Enfermería en el banco de leche: cuidado compartido y multiprofesional / Reflection on the organization of Nursing work in the milk bank: shared and multidisciplinary care

Resumo Objetivo refletir sobre a organização do trabalho de Enfermagem no Banco de Leite Humano a partir das ações de cuidado compartilhado com a equipe multiprofissional. Método trata-se de um estudo teórico-reflexivo com base nos conceitos de campo e habitus de Pierre Bourdieu de modo a compreender o modus operandi dos seus agentes no campo e no subcampo da saúde. Resultados evidenciou-se que o Processo de Enfermagem faz parte dos procedimentos de cuidado em saúde nos diferentes espaços de atuação, todavia, é importante pontuar que há uma interdependência dos serviços prestados. Percebem-se a integralidade da proposta e a organização do trabalho do BLH a partir de uma equipe multiprofissional. Para a Enfermagem, o habitus está posto desde a formação inicial dos seus profissionais, pois há o reconhecimento do saber próprio do campo e que as ações são pautadas em conhecimentos teórico-científicos. Conclusão e implicações para a prática o cuidado compartilhado é reconhecido como importante fator de equalização da assistência e demais serviços realizados no campo do BLH. Ao mobilizar os conceitos de Pierre Bourdieu, é possível inferir o habitus nos modos de cuidar, considerando-se, ainda, aquele específico construído ao longo da história da Enfermagem.

Resumen Objetivo reflexionar sobre la organización del trabajo de Enfermería en el Banco de Leche Materna, a partir de acciones de cuidado compartido con el equipo multiprofesional. Método es un estudio teórico-reflexivo basado en los conceptos de campo y habitus de Pierre Bourdieu, con el fin de comprender el modus operandi de sus agentes en el campo y en el subcampo de la salud. Resultados mostraron que el Proceso de Enfermería es parte de los procedimientos de atención en salud en diferentes áreas de actuación, sin embargo, es importante señalar que existe una interdependencia de los servicios brindados. La integridad de la propuesta y la organización del trabajo del BLM se puede ver desde un equipo multiprofesional. Para la Enfermería, el habitus se establece a partir de la formación inicial de sus profesionales, pues se reconoce el conocimiento del campo y que las acciones se basan en conocimientos teórico-científicos. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica la atención compartida se reconoce como un factor importante en la igualación de la atención y otros servicios realizados en el campo del BLM. Mediante la movilización de los conceptos de Pierre Bourdieu, es posible inferir el habitus en los caminos de cuidado, teniendo en cuenta incluso el específico construido a lo largo de la historia de la Enfermería.

Abstract Objective reflect on the organization of nursing work in the Human Milk Bank based on shared care actions with the multi-professional team. Method this is a theoretical-reflexive study based on Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of field and habitus in order to understand the modus operandi of its agents in the field and subfield of health. Results it was evidenced that the Nursing Process is part of the health care procedures in the different performance spaces, however, it is important to point out that there is an interdependence of the services provided. The integrality of the proposal and the organization of the work of the HMB are perceived from a multi-professional team. For nursing, the habitus is set from the initial training of its professionals, since there is recognition of the knowledge of the field and that the actions are based on theoretical and scientific knowledge. Conclusion and implications for practice shared care is recognized as an important factor in equalizing care and other services performed in the field of HMB. By mobilizing the concepts of Pierre Bourdieu, it is possible to infer the habitus in the modes of care, considering also the specific habitus built throughout the history of Nursing.

Contaminación microbiológica y factores asociados en la leche materna del banco de leche humana de un Hospital en Perú / Microbiological contamination and associated factors in breast milk from the human milk bank of a Hospital in Peru

Objetivo: Estimar la contaminación microbiológica e identificar sus factores asociados en leche materna dentro del BLH de un Hospital en Perú. El estudio. Diseño transversal, donde se realizó evaluación física, química y microbiológica a muestras de leche materna. Hallazgos. Evaluamos 187 muestras de leche donadas por madres La acidez Dornic y crematocrito promedio fue de 5,2±1,6 y 2,7±0,9%, y la contaminación microbiológica representó el 3,7% del total de muestras evaluadas, aislándose Acynetobacter iwoffi, Moraxela lacunata, Pseudomona aeruginosa y Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa. Se evidenció que el pH de la leche fue la única variable asociada a contaminación microbiológica (OR: 3.7 IC95: 1.5-8.8). Conclusión. El incremento de pH es un factor asociado a contaminación microbiológica en muestras de leche donadas en el BLH de un Hospital en Perú, por lo que es recomendable reevaluar los criterios de aceptabilidad del rango de pH de la leche materna donada.

Objetive: Estimate microbiological contamination and identify its associated factors in breast milk within the BLH of a Hospital in Peru. The study. Cross-sectional design, where a physical, chemical and microbiological evaluation was carried out on samples of breast milk. Findings. We evaluated 187 milk samples donated by mothers. The average Dornic acidity and crematocrit were 5.2 ± 1.6 and 2.7 ± 0.9%, and the microbiological contamination represented 3.7% of the total samples evaluated, isolating Acynetobacter iwoffi, Moraxela lacunata, Pseudomona aeruginosa and Staphylococcus negative coagulase. It was evidenced that the pH of the milk was the only variable associated with microbiological contamination (OR: 3.7 IC95: 1.5-8.8). Conclusion. The increase in pH is a factor associated with microbiological contamination in donated milk samples at the BLH of a Hospital in Peru, so it is advisable to re-evaluate the acceptability criteria of the pH range of donated breast milk.

Significance and status of human milk bank development in mainland China / 中国实用护理杂志

This article aims to summarize the significance of the establishment of human milk banks, the status of human milk banks in mainland China, analyze the relevant factors that affect the development of human milk banks, and propose corresponding countermeasures to provide a reference for improving the status of human milk banks in mainland China and promoting sustainable development.

Características y motivaciones de las mujeres donantes del banco de leche en el Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río / Characteristics and motivations of donors to the human milk ba nk in Dr. Sótero del Rio Hospital, Chile

El propósito de este trabajo fue describir las características, motivaciones, barreras y fuentes de información de las mujeres donantes del Banco de Leche en el Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río (CASR). MÉTODO: El diseño utilizado en este estudio correspondió a uno de tipo transversal descriptivo. Se realizó una encuesta telefónica con 15 preguntas a 82 mujeres que fueron donantes en al menos una oportunidad en el banco de leche del CASR desde el año 2015 a septiembre de 2017. Se estimaron proporciones para las variables categóricas y medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión para la edad Se calcularon intervalos de confianza al 95%. RESULTADOS: La edad media de las donantes fue de 31,3 años con una desviación estándar de 4,6. El 92,7% se encontraba casada o en convivencia y un 58,5% (IC 95% 47,1 - 69,3) cursó educación profesional superior completa. La principal motivación para donar fue la empatia (41,5% [IC 95% 30,7 - 52,9]) y las principales fuentes de conocimiento fueron internet/redes sociales 43,9% (IC 95% 33,0 - 55,3) y personal de salud 32% (IC 95% 22,9 - 44,2). CONCLUSIONES: La mujer donante del banco de leche del CASR, se encuentra principalmente casada o en convivencia, posee un alto nivel educacional y trabaja fuera del hogar. Estos resultados podrían orientar estrategias al fortalecimiento del banco de leche.

This study sought to describe characteristics, motivations, barriers, and sources of information of human milk donors to the milk bank at Dr. Sótero del Río Hospital, Chile. METHODS: A descriptive and cross - sectional study was carried out. We conducted a 15-question telephone survey in 82 women who were at least one-time milk donors between 2015 and 2017. Statistical analysis included frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables. We calculated 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The mean age of donors was 31.34,6 years; 92.7% were married or were living with their partner and 58.5% (95% CI of 47.1- 69.3) had completed higher education. The main motivation for donating was helping others (41.5% [95% CI of 30.7- 52.9]). The primary sources of knowledge on milk donations were the internet and social networks (43.9% [IC 95% 33.0- 55.3]), followed by health personnel 32% (95% CI of 22.9- 44.2). CONCLUSIONS: The donor profile in CASR's milk bank is a young woman, with a stable partner and high educational level. These results could provide useful information to improve strategies for human milk donation.

Banco de leite humano: mulheres com dificuldades na lactação / Banco de leche humana: mujeres con dificultades en la lactancia / Human milk bank: women with lactation difficulties

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer as dificuldades das mulheres que procuram atendimento no Banco de Leite Humano. Método: trata-se de um estudo documental, retrospectivo, utilizando amostra de 292 formulários de puérperas que buscaram o serviço especializado do Banco de Leite Humano em Hospital Universitário no Nordeste do Brasil. Realizado de janeiro a agosto de 2017. Foram utilizados testes de Qui quadado e medidas de Odds Ratio. Resultados: amostra composta por mulheres com Ensino Superior Completo 118 (40,4%), 198 (67,81%) realizaram partos em serviço de saúde privado, por cirurgia cesariana 209 (71,58%) e 118 (40,41%) não recebeu informações sobre amamentação em nenhum momento. Dificuldades de amamentação: pega 167 (57,19%), fissura mamilar 96 (32,88%), confusão de bicos 69 (23,63%), insegurança materna 65 (22,26%) e ingurgitamento mamário 61 (20,89%). Conclusão: orientações realizadas pelos profissionais voltadas para a prática do aleitamento materno e acompanhamento adequado à mulher no período gravídico puerperal resultam no sucesso da amamentação.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: conocer las dificultades de las mujeres que procuran atención en el Banco de Leche Humana. Método: se trata de un estudio documental y retrospectivo con una muestra de 292 formularios de puérperas que se acercaron al servicio especializado del Banco de Leche Humana de un Hospital Universitario en el nordeste de Brasil. Se realizó en el período de enero a agosto de 2017. Se utilizaron pruebas de Chi-cuadrado y medidas de Odds Ratio. Resultados: la muestra estuvo compuesta por 118 (40,4%) mujeres con Enseñanza Superior Completa, 198 (67,81%) tuvieron sus partos en servicios privados de salud, 209 (71,58%) por cirugía cesárea, y 118 (40,41%) no recibieron información alguna sobre lactancia en ningún momento. Dificultades de lactancia: agarre 167 (57,19%), fisura mamilar 96 (32,88%), confusión de pezones 69 (23,63%), inseguridad materna 65 (22,26%), y congestión mamaria 61 (20,89%). Conclusión: las pautas orientadoras proporcionadas por los profesionales dirigidas a la práctica de la lactancia materna y al adecuado acompañamiento de la mujer en el período de embarazo puerperal derivan en una lactancia exitosa.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the difficulties experienced by women who seek care at the Human Milk Bank. Method: This is a documentary, retrospective, and quantitative study with a sample of 292 forms from postpartum women who sought specialized care at the Human Milk Bank of a university hospital in Northeastern Brazil. The present study was conducted from January to August 2017. Chi-square tests and odds ratio values were used. Results: The study population consisted mainly of women with a complete higher education degree (118; 40.4%). Additionally, 198 (67.81%) of the childbirths took place in private health facilities, and 209 (71.58%) were by Cesarean section. Moreover, 118 (40.41%) mothers did not receive information on breastfeeding at any time. The most common breastfeeding difficulties were latch-on (167; 57.19%), nipple fissure (96; 32.88%), nipple confusion (69; 23.63%), maternal insecurity (65; 22.26%), and breast engorgement (61; 20.89%). Conclusion: Professional guidance on breastfeeding and proper maternal follow-up during pregnancy and postpartum result in successful breastfeeding.

Human milk bank operation and management mode / 国际儿科学杂志

Breasffeeding has reached a consensus on the beneficial effects of promoting the health of newborns,especially premature babies.There are still some newborns or premature babies who are unable to get their own mother's breast milk after birth due to the mother's health reasons.So the significance of establishing a human milk bank for collection,processing,screening,storage and distribution of donor milk is also obvious.The human milk bank has been developed for more than a century since its first establishment.The operation and management models of human milk banks in all countries in the world have formed a relatively stable management system.This review summarizes the operation and management mode and cost problems of the global human milk bank,which may provide references for management and guideline development of human milk bank in China.

Saberes sobre processo de enfermagem no banco de leite humano / El saber sobre el processo de enfermería en el banco de leche humano / Knowledge regarding the nursing process in the human milk bank

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os saberes dos enfermeiros sobre o processo de enfermagem como instrumento da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem no Banco de Leite Humano. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, qualitativo, realizado no segundo trimestre de 2015 em sete Bancos de Leite Humano do Estado do Espírito Santo. Com essa perspectiva foram entrevistadas nove enfermeiras atuantes no serviço de saúde. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: O processo de enfermagem pode ser considerado um organizador dos trabalhos, no espaço do Banco de Leite Humano. Tais saberes no cotidiano e o conhecimento da aplicabilidade do processo de enfermagem necessitam ser um pressuposto para sustentar as ações dos enfermeiros nos Bancos de Leite Humano. Conclusão: as análises indicaram que o trabalho do enfermeiro deve estar embasado em uma metodologia científica, mas há uma fragmentação na efetivação das etapas do processo de enfermagem. Faz-se necessária a elaboração de um instrumento que possibilite a efetivação da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem, mediante o instrumento processo de enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el saber de los enfermeros sobre el proceso de enfermería como instrumento de la Sistematización de la Asistencia de la Enfermería en el Banco de Leche Humano. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y cualitativo realizado en el segundo trimestre del 2015 en siete Bancos de Leche Humano del Estado de Espírito Santo. Con esa perspectiva se entrevistaron nueve enfermeras actuantes en el servicio de salud. Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis del contenido en la modalidad temática. Resultados: el proceso de enfermería puede ser considerado como un organizador de los trabajos en el espacio del Banco de Leche Humano. Los conocimientos en lo cotidiano y en la aplicabilidad del proceso de enfermería necesitan ser un presupuesto para defender las acciones de los enfermeros en los Bancos de Leche Humano. Conclusión: los análisis mostraron que el trabajo del enfermero debe estar basado en una metodología científica, pero hay una fragmentación en la realización de las etapas del proceso de enfermería. Es necesaria la elaboración de un instrumento que posibilite la realización de la Sistematización de la Asistencia de Enfermería mediante el instrumento de proceso de la enfermería.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze nurses' knowledge regarding the nursing process as an instrument for Nursing Care Systematization in the Human Milk Bank. Method: descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study carried out in the second quarter of 2015 in seven Human Milk Banks in the State of Espírito Santo. With this perspective, nine nurses working in the health service were interviewed. The data were submitted to thematic content analysis. Results: the nursing process can be considered an organizer of work in the context of the Human Milk Bank. Such everyday knowledge and knowledge of the applicability of the nursing process needs to be an assumption in order to support the actions of nurses in the Human Milk Banks. Conclusion: the analyzes indicated that the nurses' work and activities must be based on a scientific methodology, however there is a fragmentation in the effectiveness in the steps of the nursing process. It is necessary to elaborate an instrument that enables the implementation of the Nursing Assistance Systematization, through the nursing process instrument.

The active components of milk in human milk bank / 国际儿科学杂志

Human milk is the optimal feeding choice for neonats, especialy for premature infants. Besides lactose, protein and fat, human milk also contains many kinds of active components, such as immunoglobins,lacferrins, lysozymes, vitamins and so on. Human milk bank has been well developed worldwide, but after cold storage and Pasteurization, many different microcomponents in milk have been affected. There is still controversy on how to preserve and sterilize human milk

Growth of very low birth weight infants fed with milk from a human milk bank selected according to the caloric and protein value

OBJECTIVE: To describe growth and clinical evolution of very low birth weight infants fed during hospital stay with milk from a human milk bank according to the caloric-protein value. METHOD: Forty very low birth weight infants were included: 10 were fed milk from their own mothers (GI), and 30 were fed human milk bank > 700 cal/L and 2 g/dL of protein. Growth curves were adjusted using nonlinear regression to the measured growth parameters. RESULTS: full enteral diet was reached in 6.3 days by GI and in 10.8 by GII; a weight of 2 kg was reached in 7.3 weeks for GI and in 7.8 for GII. In GI, 3/10 (33.3 percent) and in GII, 7/30 (23.3 percent) developed sepsis. Necrotizing enterocolitis did not occur in GI, but in 3/30 (10.0 percent) in GII. GI presented with urinary calcium > 4 mg/L in 1/10 (10.0 percent), urinary phosphorus (Pu) <1 mg/L in 10/10 (100 percent), and Ca/Cr >0.6 ratio in 1/10 (10.0 percent) of the cases; in GII, no children presented alterations of the urinary calcium or the Ca and Cr ratio, and Pu was <1 mg/L in 19/30 (63.3 percent). In terms of growth the 50th percentile for GI was a weight gain of 12.1 g/day (GI) vs. 15.8 g/day (GII), a length gain of 0.75 cm/week (GI) vs. 1.02 cm/week (GII), and a head circumference gain of 0.74 cm/week (GI) vs. 0.76 cm/week (GII). CONCLUSIONS: Human milk bank allowed a satisfactory growth and good clinical evolution for very low birth weight infants.

Determinação de vitamina A no leite de mães doadoras do banco de leite humano (BLH) de Manaus/AM: efeito do processamento / Determination of vitamin A in the milk of donor mothers from the human milk bank (hmb) in Manaus/AM: Effect of processing

Esse estudo teve como objetivo determinar os teores de vitamina A no Leite Humano Materno (LHM), de 50 mães doadoras do Banco de Leite Humano (BLH), da Maternidade Ana Braga, em Manaus-AM. As amostras foram coletadas semanalmente e mantidas congeladas até a pasteurização. As análises de retinol e ß-caroteno no leite humano foram realizadas antes e após o tratamento (pasteurização), mediante o método cromatográfico. Foram retiradas alíquotas de 5 mL aproximadamente de leite de cada amostra. Os pesos dos bebês ao nascer das mães doadoras de leite incluídos no estudo foram > 2500g. A concentração de vitamina A no leite tanto antes quanto após o processamento, não foram suficientes para suprir o requerimento (46,75 ± 6,28 µg/dL e 31,55 ± 8,29 µg/dL, respectivamente), de crianças que se alimentam exclusivamente do leite do BLH, notadamente as pré-termo, cujos requerimentos de vitamina A são maiores e a capacidade de ingerir leite é menor do que os nascidos a termo. A perda de vitamina A pelo processamento, em nosso estudo foi de 32,51%. Para garantir a formação de reservas hepáticas e a proteção contra deficiência de vitamina A, seriam necessárias concentrações dessa vitamina no leite superiores a 80 µg/dL.

This study treats a transversal, descriptive, observational and analytical study with the objective of determining the Vitamin A chemical content in Human Maternal Milk (HMM) of 50 donor mothers from the Ana Braga Maternity Human Milk Bank (HMB), in Manaus, Amazonas. Samples were collected weekly and maintained frozen until pasteurization. Analyses of retinol and ß-carotene in human milk were undertaken before and after the treatment (pasteurization), chromatographic method. Aliquots of approximately 5 mL of milk were taken from each sample. The babies included in the study were weight > 2500g. The Vitamin A concentration in the milk, before and after the processing, was found to be insufficient for that required (46.57 ± 6.28 µg/dL and 31.55 ± 8.29 µg/dL respectively) for children who feed exclusively on HMB milk, notably premature babies, whose Vitamin A requirements are greater and whose capacity for ingesting milk is lower than that of fully born babies. The loss of Vitamin A through processing was, in this study, 32.51%. To guarantee hepatic reserves and protect against deficiencies, it would be necessary that the vitamin A concentration in the milk be higher than 80 µg/dL.

Perfil das doadoras do banco de leite humano do Hospital Universitário de Maringá, Estado do Paraná, Brasil / Human milk bank donors' profile at Hospital Universitário de Maringá, State of Paraná, Brazil

Amamentação exclusiva até os seis meses de idade é fato importante para a saúde e para a relação mãe e filho. Quando essa amamentação é prejudicada, o desmame precoce pode ocorrer. O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar o perfil das doadoras do Banco de Leite Humano do Hospital Universitário de Maringá, Estado do Paraná. Foram entrevistadas 48 nutrizes doadoras de leite humano durante os meses de outubro e novembro de 2004. O estudo foi observacional transversal e os dados foram coletados utilizando-se um questionário estruturado. Observou-se que 41,7% das nutrizes tinham entre 20 e 29 anos, 33,3% ensino médio completo e 66,6% receberam informações sobre amamentação. A falta de informação, contudo, sobre mama ingurgitada (20,8%), estimulação para produção de leite (29,1%) e outras funções do leite materno, além da alimentação (31,3%), foram relevantes. Apenas metade das nutrizes não tinha oferecido qualquer outro alimento para o bebê antes dos seis meses de vida. Dados apontam para importância de orientação das nutrizes de forma direcionada, ainda durante a gestação.

Exclusive maternal breast feeding until six months of age is an important practice for health and mother and son's relationship. However, when that exclusive maternal breast feeding is harmed, precocious weans may occur. This work aims at investigating the Human Milk Bank donors' profile at Hospital Universitário de Maringá, State of Paraná. Forty-eight nursing mothers were interviewed during two months: October and November, 2004. A transversal and observational study was carried out and the data were collected by means of individual interviews conducted by structured questionnaire. 41.7% of the women were aged between 20 and 29, 33.3% had concluded secondary school and 66.6% had received information on breast-feeding. The lack of information on engorged breast (20.8%), on stimulation for milk production (29.1%) and other maternal milk functions, besides feeding (31.3%), was also relevant. Only half of the breastfeeding women had not offered the baby any other food, except maternal milk. Data pointed out to the importance of these women?s direct orientation regarding breast feeding during gestation.